Meteorological drought mitigation for combating climate change: a case study of southern Sindh, Pakistan

A meteorological drought study is performed using monthly time scale data from three separate locations in southern Sindh, Pakistan. Rainfall and temperature have been used to identify the drought. These were transformed into indices known as standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) (SPI), which derived (the Hargreaves equation). In this study, two are compared for stations Chhor, Mithi, Badin where most socioeconomic livelihoods depend heavily on water. The SPEI produced through a simple water balance combining temperature, distinction SPI, it just considers precipitation. conclusion, our showed that both capable of detecting droughts fluctuated across reference period 2004–2021. SPI SPEI's direction change was similar, however impact condition varied. discovered more with longer durations greater 13 moderate at SPEI-3 Chhor Station while Mithi indicated 8 during 2004-2021 SPI-3 4 moderates 6 Conversely, moderate-level than they shorter length less frequent occurrence severe droughts. findings imply characteristics significantly influenced by variability.